Indigo naturalis and its some active ingredients have been proved to have significant anti-inflammatory effects, whose mechanism isthe down-regulation of some inflammation factors and the inhibition of NO production [25, 26]. Investigating the power of music for dementia. One case report describes development of pancreatitis with use of oral indigo naturalis; another describes colitis and pulmonary hypertension with a supplement containing qing dai. Indigofera spicata is recognized as a teratogen due to the presence of indospicine, a toxic amino acid found in Indigofera spp. Zhao [20] found that indigo and indirubin, the main components of indigo naturalis, could effectively scavenge superoxide anion. 39 Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Peoples Republic of China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Peoples Republic of China, Zhang Ting,He Ya-nan,Huang Sheng-jie,Deng Xuan&Han Li, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. CAS From natural dye to herbal medicine: a systematic review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of indigo naturalis, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00406-x, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. 2019;58:152879. Indigo naturalis, also known as qing dai, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that people use for treating skin conditions. Clin Cancer Res. Treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis responsive to indigo naturalis Lin CW, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, et al. Background: Clinical trials have proven that indigo naturalis is a candidate drug for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of indigo naturalis to treat mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC.Methods: DSS-induced UC mice were treated with indigo naturalis (200 mg/kg . Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Chin J Chin Mater Med. Indole alkaloids include indigo (1), indirubin (2), isatin (3), isoindigo (4), hydroxyindirubin (5), 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (6), tryptanthrine (7), quinazoline-2,4-dione (8), etc. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Indirubin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through the inhibition of inflammation and the induction of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells. Article Calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide are derived from lime, and silica dioxide and other impurities are derived from soil. Indigo naturalis Indigo naturalis, also known as qing dai, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that people use for treating skin conditions. Indigo naturalis alone has no effect on APL, but indirubin in indigo naturalis could enhance the inhibition of arsenic disulfide in realgar on the proliferation and apoptosis of diffuse large celllymphoma cells and promote the transport of arsenic disulfide to APL cells, thus enhancing the degradation and treatment effect of PML-RAR mediated by arsenic disulfide and accelerating the apoptosis of NB4 cells [56, 74]. Indigo Naturalis ameliorates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Mediators Inflamm. The inorganic ingredients of indigo naturalis was consist of 70% calcium carbonate, 10% silica dioxide and calcium hydroxide [3, 11]. Molecular mechanisms of indirubin and its derivatives: novel anticancer molecules with their origin in traditional Chinese phytomedicine. Pediatr Dermatol. Subsequently, Chinese doctors found it could reduce fever, detoxify the blood, dissolve ecchymoses, and cool down blood [2]. Xue X, Wu J, Li J, et al. But at the same time, indigo naturalis can change the structure of intestinal flora and aggravate colitis [48]. Case presentation Research progress of Chinese herbal medicine Radix isatidis (banlangen). Further study on the material basis of indigo naturalis showed that it was mainly composed of 10% organic matter and 90% inorganic substance, among which organic matter was the main active substance [3]. Recently, there are several reports concerning severe adverse events associated with indigo naturalis. No evidence-based recommendations were made. For these bacteria, tryptanthrin has better antibacterial activity than indigo. Although the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of indigo naturalis have been widely recognized by the medical community, there are some adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions, skin itching, reversible liver dysfunction and so on, which can not be ignored. 2011;17:441424. (1) Benefits of Indigo Powder on Hair Here are some of the medicinal benefits of indigo when you incorporate it into your hair care routine. With the continuous deposition of the compound on the surface of CaCO3, the gravity of the polymer exceeds the buoyancy, and the solid-liquid separation is realized at the bottom of the water. Obviously, excessive lime will affect the quality of indigo naturalis, and even affect the clinical efficacy and safety. Indirubin, a purple 3,2- bisindole, inhibited allergic contact dermatitis via regulating T helper (Th)-mediated immune system in DNCB-induced model. Development of an Indigo Naturalis Suppository for Topical Induction Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Defining ROS in Biology and Medicine. BMC Complement Med Ther. Oxid Med Cell Longev. Mar 31, 2015 Daniel Mark Siegel Indigo naturalis is an Old-World plant with multiple uses. Promoting blood coagulation and improving immunity. Lin YK, Chen HW, Yang SH, et al. Therefore, researchers should also focus on the control of inorganic content in indigo naturalis, except for the control of organic matter content. Phytomedicine. Phase clinical trial of compound Huangdai tablets in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 2012;380:160619. Lai JL, Liu YH, Liu C, et al. 1). 2) [6]. Indigo naturalis is indicated for various kinds of bleeding syndromes, such as hemoptysis and epistaxis, and its powder can be dipped with sterilized cotton and stuffed into the nasal cavity to stop bleeding. (Japan), Polygonum tinctorium, Strobilanthes cusia (Neess) Kuntze, Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. 2020;265:113325. [5] The connections are often disrupted in psoriasis. Indirubin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses mediated by IL-17A-producing T cells. It is sensible for people to always speak to a doctor before using any new herbs, herbal remedies, or natural treatments. One-year clinical efficacy and safety of indigo naturalis for active IHG Hotels & Resorts brings lifestyle brand Hotel Indigo to the According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), Mahonia aquifolium has one of the strongest evidence bases of all herbal remedies for treating psoriasis. 2018;19:8719. According to clinical observation results of indigo naturalis, it has curative effect in the treatment of UC. The material was identified by the authors. Indigo naturalis also can improve the oxidative stress level of colon tissue by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level, so as to control and reduce inflammatory reaction [29]. Kataoka M, Hirata K, Kunikata T, et al. Indigo naturalis also can be used to cure oral diseases, such as a swollen, sore throat, ulcers, swelling, pain, and rottenness of mouth and tongue. This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. Compared with ATRA therapy, there was no significant difference in blood parameters [8, 75]. Indirubin in indigo naturalis can inhibit wnt/-Catenin signal transduction by restoring the expression of wif-1, inhibit the expression of TGase1 and down-regulate CDK1 to inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes [62,63,64]. PubMed Comparison of Refined and Crude Indigo Naturalis Ointment in Treating 2017;173:2333. 2012;139:8936. Indigo Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database However, herbs that may be useful treatment options for people to try include: There is currently no convincing evidence that other herbs people commonly use for psoriasis are effective. As a TCM and effective medicine for the treatment of psoriasis, Indigo Naturalis (Baphicacanthus Cusia(Nees) Bremek.) Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. It can also inhibit the expression of NF-B regulated genes, including anti apoptotic genes (iap1, iap2, Bcl-2, BCL XL and TRAF1), proliferation genes (cyclin D1 and c-myc), and invasive genes (COX-2 and MMP-9), thus playing anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities [30]. Ischemic colitis induced by indigo naturalis in a patient with Clinically, it is well tolerated. Discontinuation due to lack of efficacy and/or worsening of symptoms was reported as the reason by 4 of those in the control group and 1 in the indigo group. This mechanism may be interrelated to the inhibition of NorA efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus [41]. For instance, indigo naturalis and its main compound indigo can reduce the expression of TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22 and other inflammatory factors in plasma of UC mice via antagonizing TLRs/NF-B pathway and activating AhR pathway, thus improving inflammation [27, 28]. Blue footprint: Distribution and use of indigo-yielding plant species These electrophilic groups could promote the release of hydrogen ion from hydroxyl groups and form non free radical superoxide anion, thus stabilizing superoxide anion. From natural dye to herbal medicine: a systematic review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of indigo naturalis. Determination of heavy metals in indigo naturalis by icp-ms. West China J Pharm Sci. Google Scholar. CAS Chin J Integr Tradit West Med on Digest. Indigo is mostly used as a source of dye. 2020;101:4928. Springer Nature. Under the action of microorganisms, indole glycosides and endogenous polyglucosidases are released from stems and leaves. A Chinese Herb, Indigo Naturalis, Extracted in Oil (Lindioil) Used Topically to Treat Psoriatic Nails: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Complementary and Alternative Medicine | JAMA Dermatology | JAMA Network Indigo naturalis, a Chinese herb, has been used for decades. Indican is enzymatically converted to blue indigotin.Chanayatht 2002, Simon 1984 This colorfast dye is combined with stabilizers and other compounds to produce a wide range of colorants. The Lancet. Google Scholar. Ozawa K, Mori D, Hatanaka A, et al. 2006;23:50710. Indigo naturalis has clear antiviral activity, as dose Radix Isatidis [13]. "Stasiak 2014 Before the development of synthetic aniline and indigo dyes, indigo plants were grown commercially in the East Indies, South America, and Central America. Chinese Medicine Both treatments were best at treating subungual hyperkeratosis and onycholysis compared with other nail features. Short-term and long-term outcomes of indigo naturalis treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. In the arsenic trioxide-ATRA group, there are two patients died during induction therapy. Another study found that indigo and indirubin could promote clearing of ROS, reduce the malondialdehyde content, promote the balance between the antioxidant system and ROS, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and protect cell membranes from oxidative damage [21]. Liang YN, Yu JG, Zhang DB, et al. Inflammation. Influenza virus is the pathogen of influenza, especially influenza A virus is easy to mutate, causing a worldwide pandemic [43]. People can apply creams containing herbs directly to the skin if the manufacturer recommends this method. J Clin Hematol. Tryptanthrin inhibits MDR1 and reverses doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. In an in vitro study, an ethyl acetate extract of indigo naturalis prepared from S. formosanus Moore inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Indirubin could reduce activation of the chemokine regulated on, the expression of normal T cell and the secretion of influenza virus A/NWS/33- infected H292 human epithelial cell line. Kim MH, Choi YY, Yang G, et al. (Naganuma 2018), In a randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with ulcerative colitis, qing dai significantly decreased clinical activity index (CAI) scores over 24 months of administration (P<0.001). 2003;1:2046. J Am Soc Nephrol. Am J Hematol. Sravanthi TV, Manju SL. Recent clinical trials suggest that the treatment can help with psoriasis, and a systematic review from 2015 found that, along with Mahonia aquifolium, indigo naturalis was an effective herbal remedy for psoriasis. There are few studies on the problem of adding excessive lime. The trial was terminated early because one patient who used self-purchased indigo naturalis for 6 months developed pulmonary arterial hypertension. Except for promoting intestinal mucosal repairing and ulcer healing, indigo naturalis also can inhibit the gene expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 and reduce the damage of colonic mucosa by inhibiting Smads signaling pathway and activating MAPK signal pathway [69, 70]. Indigo naturalis has been reported to cause mild liver dysfunction, abdominal pain, and headache. Frontiers | Exploring the Mechanism of Indigo Naturalis in the This article aims to expand our understanding of indigo naturalis in terms of its chemical constituents, pharmacological action and clinical applications. Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by It also mildly inhibited Aspergillus fumigates and Candida albicans, pathogens associated with nondermatophytic onychomycosis. At present, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are the most commonly used quality control methods for indigo naturalis. Indirubin, 3,2-bisindole of indigo naturalis, is the red isomer of the blue indigo pigment and has been isolated from B. cusia.Chanayatht 2002, McDermott 2016 Other major active components associated with indigo naturalis include indigo (the major component), tryptanthrin, and isatin.Chiang 2013, Indigo is a dark blue crystalline powder and is an alkaloid. Treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis responsive to indigo naturalis However, it was determined that indigo naturalis dramatically altered gut flora; when gut flora were depleted with antibiotics prior to oxazolone-induced colitis, aggravation of colitis in the indigo naturalistreated group was no longer observed. These tight connections between cells include a protein called claudin-1. ISTANBUL - Airbus is closing towards a potentially record deal to sell 500 narrow-body A320-family jets to India's largest carrier IndiGo, industry sources said on Sunday. Biochem Pharmacol. The anti-angiogenic effect of tryptanthrin is mediated by the inhibition of apelin promoter activity and shortened mRNA half-life in human vascular endothelial cells. Surgery is required in 40% of patients with intestinal adhesions. 2008;105:482631. 2017;52:90419. Han X, Zhang DK, Guo YM, et al. The Interaction of LILRB2 with HLA-B Is Associated with Psoriasis Susceptibility. Dosing Other studies found that indigo naturalis could repair intestinal mucosa. 2004;67:16774. 2015;30:131524. Indigo naturalis 3. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. Prevents hair fall Anyone who has experienced excessive hair loss knows how anxiety-provoking it can be. Successful treatment of pediatric nail psoriasis with periodic pustular eruption using topical indigo naturalis oil extract. Yearly payments, with each season's carbon crop vested over five years (50% in year one, 20% in year two, and 10% in years three to five) Current price offers $30 per credit to farmers. 2019;58:2299304. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 14 May 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 28 May 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. 2004;130:62735. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. YQY, XCG, and HL designed the study; ZT, DX, HYN and HSJ collected and analyzed the data; YQY, ZT, and HYN wrote the paper. Dissection of mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Realgar-Indigo naturalis as an effective treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. Airbus nears 500-jet order from India's IndiGo: Sources In addition, it may also include Fe2(CO3)3, Al2 (CO3)3, etc [11]. The manufacturing process of Indigo naturalis. Indirubin can not only inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but also the angiogenesis of tumor growth process. Clinical Overview Use Indigo is mostly used as a source of dye. Lupus. Stahl M, Tallman MS. Differentiation syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. 1995;1:268. Patients were randomized 2:1 in treatment and control groups. It is urgent to find drugs with high selectivity, small side effects and strong curative effect. (AhR) ligand, the active component of Indigo naturalis, may promote mucosal healing via induction of IL-22 from innate lymphoid cells . Acta Pharm Sin. The safety of indigo naturalis for external use needs further evaluation. Can diet and exercise reverse prediabetes? [16] found that many commercial indigo naturalis is a qualified product according to the standard, but most of them have high the total ash content and strong alkaline due to the addition of excessive lime. In recent years, indigo naturalis has been widely used in the treatment of leukemia, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis and other diseases, as well as been recognized by experimental research and clinical observation. Pan M, Pei W, Yao Y, et al. Reducing the damage of CCL4 to liver tissue and protecting the liver. Although indigo naturalis has some side effects in the treatment of UC, it is still a potential drug. J Ethnopharmacol. In non-melanoma skin cancer, tryptanthrin can inhibit the proliferation of hair follicle cells by inhibiting the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 and reducing the expression of -Catenin [59]. Our group's previous studies 1,2 have shown that topical application of indigo naturalis significantly improves psoriatic symptoms. Oral administration of Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula from 1 week before radiotherapy to the whole radiotherapy period. Comparison of the anti-colitis activities of Qing Dai/Indigo Naturalis constituents in mice. 2007;13:2539. Pain is a common symptom of psoriasis, which means, in theory, reflexology may be helpful for psoriasis pain. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Indigo Naturalis for Psoriatic Nails - JAMA Network Indospicine is also hepatotoxic.Hegarty 1988, Liener 1980 In animals, indospicine causes cleft palate and embryolethality.Evans 1989, Fletcher 2015 Indigofera endacaphylla (creeping indigo) has caused livestock poisonings and deaths.Simon 1984. Indirubin enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis through modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. It was found that liver aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase concentration increased in 9% patients with RIF plus ATRA and 6% patients with arsenic trioxide plus ATRA, and grade 23 infection occurred in 14% patients with RIF plus ATRA and 23% patients with arsenic trioxide plus ATRA. In addition, it is able to float in the water, and the water is not blue. Besides TLC and HPLC, there are many other quality control methods for indigo naturalis. Scavenging hydroxyl radicals and inhibiting the oxidative activity of oils and fats. Statistically significant improvements in mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were noted as early as 2 weeks after initiation of indigo naturalis therapy (P=0.02 vs placebo). Article Some research suggests that applying a specific product containing indigo naturalis oil extract (Lindioil) to the fingernails and the skin beneath the edge of the nail twice daily for 24 weeks improves psoriasis by 50% to 80%. Cancer. Digestion. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. J Ethnopharmacol. J Gastroenterol. Several systematic reviews, including two published in 2015 and 2017, agree that Mahonia aquifolium can help to treat the symptoms of psoriasis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.. 2018;93:146773. The neuraminidase-based bioassay was high-throughput and simple, and could be used for evaluation and quality control of indigo naturalis. Indirubin inhibits tumor growth by antitumor angiogenesis via blocking VEGFR2-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling in endothelial cell. The French and Guatemalan varieties differ in shape and size of the leaflets and pods. Google Scholar. In Natural History, Pliny mentions that indigo naturalis from the East was used by ancient Romans as paint, applied around the eyes as a cosmetic, or used as medicine, to promote wound healing. Strobilanthes cusia is valued for many reasons, as it contains numerous health benefits as a medicinal plant and use in tea alongside its indigo dying and tattooing properties. It could suppress the growth of pathogens by intercalating into bacterial DNA [39]. anti-inflammatory eczema healing healing balm indigo indigo naturalis irritation organic psoriasis psoriasis cure qing dai soothing Soothing Psoriasis Balm with Qing Dai (Indigo Naturalis) Written by Courtney Woodrow Posted on December 23 2013 No treatment-related adverse effects were observed. (Adachi 2017), In another murine model of colitis, both indigo naturalis and indigo, a major component of indigo naturalis, reduced colitis severity through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Know the risks and potential benefits of clinical studies and talk to your health care provider before participating. The voucher specimen of Indigo Naturalis (DFC-LF-201509) was deposited in Department of Natural Medicine, School of . 2017;40:112. Li Y, Ligr M, McCarron JP, et al. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries where it is known as indigo naturalis or qing dai.Chiang 2013, Gamret 2018 The word "indigo" comes from the Greek word "indikn," meaning "Indian. Dr. Joshua Zeichner explains the key, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Neuraminidase (NA) is a necessary enzyme for replication of the influenza virus. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic therapies are the most widely used therapies for APL, which has serious adverse reactions, high toxicity and relapse rate [73]. Wang Y, Liu L, Guo Y, et al. (Naganuma 2018), In a murine model of oxazolone-induced colitis, indigo naturalis treatment exacerbated mucosal damage associated with colitis despite a reduction in levels of IL-13 (an important cytokine in colitis). A 2013 systematic review found evidence to suggest that using vitamin D creams could be as effective as corticosteroid treatments for treating symptoms. Meanwhile, it is necessary to monitor adverse reactions of indigo naturalis for a long-time use. However, excessive or long-term inflammatory response can lead to tissue damage [24]. It is very useful for controlling the quality of indigo naturalis and ensuring its safety. Tsai YC, Lee CL, Yen HR. The manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The abundance of genera Ruminococcus, Dorea, Actinomyces, Oribacterium, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Finegoldia, the family Caulobacteraceae, and the order Streptophyta were significantly greater, and the abundance of genus Pediococcus was significantly . Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking. It also treats ecchymoses and removing the blood heat. CAS Rapid and Integrated Quality Assessment of Organic-Inorganic Composite Herbs by FTIR Spectroscopy-Global Chemical Fingerprints Identification and Multiple Marker Components Quantification of Indigo Naturalis (Qing Dai). Gaitanis G, Magiatis P, Velegraki A, et al. Google Scholar. (Wang 2018), In patients with mild to severe atopic dermatitis, topical application of indigo naturalis ointment for 6 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in area severity scores compared to vehicle controls (49.9% vs 19.6% reduction from baseline, respectively; P=0.0235). Br J Dermatol. Learn more about Isatis health benefits, uses, side effects, effectiveness, safety, precautions, and warnings. PubMed Central 2001;36:59. In fact, the process of soaking and adding lime is not only the conversion of indole phenol, as well as the transformation of other substances. Stock Market | FinancialContent Business Page